If you are shopping for something specific when visiting a Mandarin-speaking country, make sure you go to the right store. This list of common types of retailers will steer you in the right direction.
The generic term for "store" is "diàn" which is used for most small stores which sell common items.
More exclusive types of retailers (like jewelers) may be referred to as "lóu" or "fáng" which roughly translates as "house."
Click on the links in the Pinyin column to hear the audio.

department storebǎi huò gōng sī百貨公司
supermarketchāo jí shì chǎng超級市場
traditional marketshì chǎng市場
   
bakerymiàn bāo diàn麵包店
grocery storezá huò diàn雜貨店
drugstoreyào fáng藥房
flower shophuā diàn花店
   
shoe storexié diàn鞋店
clothing storefú shì diàn服飾店
sporting goodstǐ yù yòng pǐn diàn體育用品店
   
jewelry storeyín lóu銀樓
watches and clockszhōng biǎo diàn鐘錶店
toy storewán jù diàn玩具店
furniture storejiā jū diàn家俱店
bookstoreshū diàn書店
stationary storewén jù diàn文具店
hardware storewǔ jīn háng五金行
   
photo processingzhào xiàng guăn照相館
printingyìn shuà diàn印刷店
tailor / dressmakercái fèng shī裁縫師